log관리
root@ysy:~/d6# last
j pts/3 10.0.2.2 Mon May 1 14:58 still logged in
j pts/5 10.0.2.2 Mon May 1 14:46 still logged in
j pts/3 10.0.2.2 Mon May 1 13:03 - 14:58 (01:55)
j pts/1 10.0.2.2 Mon May 1 12:59 gone - no logout
j tty1 Mon May 1 12:58 gone - no logout
reboot system boot 5.15.0-71-generi Mon May 1 12:58 still running
j pts/1 10.0.2.2 Mon May 1 09:21 - crash (03:37)
j tty1 Mon May 1 09:21 - crash (03:37)
reboot system boot 5.15.0-71-generi Mon May 1 09:20 still running
j pts/3 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 18:07 - crash (2+15:13)
j pts/1 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 18:05 - 18:07 (00:02)
j pts/1 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 17:44 - 18:04 (00:19)
k13 pts/17 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 17:17 - 17:40 (00:23)
k13 pts/17 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 17:16 - 17:17 (00:00)
k12 pts/16 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 17:14 - 17:41 (00:27)
j pts/1 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:54 - 17:41 (00:47)
sam pts/16 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:52 - 16:52 (00:00)
k11 pts/15 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:38 - 17:41 (01:03)
k10 pts/15 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:22 - 16:22 (00:00)
k9 pts/15 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:21 - 16:21 (00:00)
j pts/13 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:17 - 17:41 (01:24)
k9 pts/13 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:17 - 16:17 (00:00)
k9 pts/12 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:11 - 17:41 (01:30)
j pts/11 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 16:09 - 17:40 (01:30)
sam pts/11 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 15:41 - 15:41 (00:00)
j pts/11 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 15:40 - 15:40 (00:00)
sam pts/11 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 15:11 - 15:11 (00:00)
k4 pts/9 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 14:54 - 17:40 (02:45)
sam pts/10 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 14:54 - 17:42 (02:47)
k3 pts/9 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 14:54 - 14:54 (00:00)
j pts/7 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 14:49 - 17:40 (02:51)
k5 pts/6 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 11:41 - 17:41 (06:00)
k4 pts/5 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 11:18 - 17:40 (06:22)
k4 pts/5 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 10:37 - 11:08 (00:30)
j pts/5 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 10:37 - 10:37 (00:00)
k1 pts/4 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 10:17 - 17:41 (07:24)
k2 pts/3 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 10:14 - 17:40 (07:26)
j pts/1 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 10:06 - 16:53 (06:46)
j tty1 Fri Apr 28 10:02 - crash (2+23:17)
reboot system boot 5.15.0-71-generi Fri Apr 28 10:02 still running
j pts/0 10.0.2.2 Fri Apr 28 09:57 - 10:01 (00:04)
j tty1 Fri Apr 28 09:57 - down (00:04)
reboot system boot 5.15.0-71-generi Fri Apr 28 09:56 - 10:01 (00:04)
j pts/0 10.0.2.2 Thu Apr 27 16:52 - 19:10 (02:18)
j tty1 Thu Apr 27 16:44 - down (02:26)
reboot system boot 5.15.0-71-generi Thu Apr 27 16:43 - 19:10 (02:27)
wtmp begins Thu Apr 27 16:43:18 2023ㄴ last 명령어로 로그 확인하기
root@ysy:~/d6# last log
wtmp begins Thu Apr 27 16:43:18 2023ㄴlast log 명령어로 마지막 로그만 확인하기
root@ysy:~/d6# cd /etc/logrotate.d/ --> logrotate 에 적용할 각종 로그 파일
root@ysy:/etc/logrotate.d# ls
alternatives apport bootlog dpkg rsyslog ubuntu-advantage-tools unattended-upgrades
apache2 apt btmp mysql-server tomcat9 ufw wtmp
root@ysy:/etc/logrotate.d# nl wtmp --> 이전 로그인 기록을 저장하는 파일
1 # no packages own wtmp -- we'll rotate it here
2 /var/log/wtmp {
3 missingok
4 monthly
5 create 0664 root utmp
6 minsize 1M
7 rotate 1
8 }
root@ysy:/etc/logrotate.d# nl ufw --> 방화벽 도구
1 /var/log/ufw.log
2 {
3 rotate 4
4 weekly
5 missingok
6 notifempty
7 compress
8 delaycompress
9 sharedscripts
10 postrotate
11 [ -x /usr/lib/rsyslog/rsyslog-rotate ] && /usr/lib/rsyslog/rsyslog-rotate || true
12 endscript
13 }
root@ysy:/etc/logrotate.d# nl apt --> apt 로그 파일의 로테이션 및 관리
1 /var/log/apt/term.log {
2 rotate 12
3 monthly
4 compress
5 missingok
6 notifempty
7 }
8 /var/log/apt/history.log {
9 rotate 12
10 monthly
11 compress
12 missingok
13 notifempty
14 }ㄴ logrotate 에 적용할 각종 로그 파일 확인
root@ysy:~# cd /var/log/
root@ysy:/var/log# ls
alternatives.log btmp dmesg.0 faillog mail.err ubuntu-advantage.log
alternatives.log.1 btmp.1 dmesg.1.gz installer mail.log ubuntu-advantage.log.1
apache2 cloud-init.log dmesg.2.gz journal mysql ubuntu-advantage-timer.log
apt cloud-init-output.log dmesg.3.gz kern.log private ubuntu-advantage-timer.log.1
auth.log dist-upgrade dpkg.log landscape syslog unattended-upgrades
bootstrap.log dmesg dpkg.log.1 lastlog tomcat9 wtmp
root@ysy:/var/log# nl dpkg.log
root@ysy:/var/log# which date
/usr/bin/date
root@ysy:/var/log# which ls
/usr/bin/ls
root@ysy:/var/log# which date
/usr/bin/date
root@ysy:/var/log# which cp
/usr/bin/cp
root@ysy:/var/log# which useradd
/usr/sbin/useradd
root@ysy:/var/log# dpkg -S /bin/ls --> ls 명령어를 실행하려면 어떤 패키지가 필요한지(설치되어있야하는지)
coreutils: /bin/ls
root@ysy:/var/log# dpkg -S /bin/date --> date 명령어를 실행하려면 어떤 패키지가 필요한지(설치되어있야하는지)
coreutils: /bin/date
root@ysy:/var/log# dpkg -S /bin/cp --> cp 명령어를 실행하려면 어떤 패키지가 필요한지(설치되어있야하는지)
coreutils: /bin/cp
root@ysy:/var/log# dpkg -S /usr/sbin/useradd --> useradd 명령어를 실행하려면 어떤 패키지가 필요한지(설치되어있야하는지)
passwd: /usr/sbin/useraddㄴ dmesg --> 부팅할 때 뿌려지는 메시지
ㄴ dpkg -S 명령어 위치 --> 해당 명령어를 실행하려면 어떤 패키지가 필요한지(설치되어있야하는지)
아파치(Apache2)를 이용한 로그 확인
root@ysy:/var/log# ls
alternatives.log cloud-init-output.log faillog private
alternatives.log.1 dist-upgrade installer syslog
apache2 dmesg journal tomcat9
apt dmesg.0 kern.log ubuntu-advantage.log
auth.log dmesg.1.gz landscape ubuntu-advantage.log.1
bootstrap.log dmesg.2.gz lastlog ubuntu-advantage-timer.log
btmp dmesg.3.gz mail.err ubuntu-advantage-timer.log.1
btmp.1 dpkg.log mail.log unattended-upgrades
cloud-init.log dpkg.log.1 mysql wtmp
root@ysy:/var/log# cd apache2/
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# ls
access.log error.log error.log.1 other_vhosts_access.log
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# nl access.log --> 접근 로그 확인
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# ps -ef | grep apache2 --> 아파치 켜진지 확인
root 6359 6288 0 20:22 pts/8 00:00:00 grep --color=auto apache2
--> 꺼진 상태
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# systemctl start apache2 --> 아파치 시작 시킴
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# ps -ef | grep apache2
root 6366 1 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 6367 6366 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 6368 6366 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
root 6424 6288 0 20:23 pts/8 00:00:00 grep --color=auto apache2
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# ll
total 20
drwxr-x--- 2 root adm 4096 May 1 09:20 ./
drwxrwxr-x 12 root syslog 4096 May 1 12:58 ../
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 1303 May 1 14:01 access.log --> 아파치 접속 로그
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 967 May 1 20:23 error.log
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 1684 May 1 09:20 error.log.1
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Apr 27 17:16 other_vhosts_access.log
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# 0>access.log --> 아파치 접속 로그 사이즈 0 만들기
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# ll
total 16
drwxr-x--- 2 root adm 4096 May 1 09:20 ./
drwxrwxr-x 12 root syslog 4096 May 1 12:58 ../
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 May 1 20:24 access.log --> 아파치 접속 로그 사이즈 0 확인
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 967 May 1 20:23 error.log
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 1684 May 1 09:20 error.log.1
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Apr 27 17:16 other_vhosts_access.logㄴ http://127.0.0.1/ 페이지에서 새로고침 계속 하면 로그 쌓임
--> http://127.0.0.1/ 페이지에서 새로고침 계속 하면 로그 쌓임
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# nl access.log --> 로그 쌓인 것 없음
root@ysy:/var/log/apache2# nl access.log --> 로그 쌓인 것 확인
1 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:25 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 500 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
2 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:25 +0900] "GET /cat1.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 257445 "http://127.0.0.1/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
3 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:29 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 499 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
4 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:29 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 499 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
5 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:29 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 499 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
6 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:29 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 499 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
7 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:29 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 499 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
8 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:30 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 499 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
9 10.0.2.2 - - [01/May/2023:20:26:42 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 500 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
** 서비스 시작과 종료
service start 서비스
service stop 서비스
service status 서비스
service restart 서비스
systemctl 서비스 start
systemctl 서비스 stop
systemctl 서비스 status
systemctl 서비스 restart
부팅하면 자동으로 켜겠다
systemctl enable 서비스
부팅하면 꺼진상태이도록 하겠다
systemctl disable 서비스
**한글 locale 설정
#locale
#nl /etc/default/locale
#apt -y install language-pack-ko
#locale-gen ko_KR.UTF-8 --> 본인은 바뀌지 않아서 아래 방법을 이용함
직접 파일 편집하여 바꾸기
#vi /etc/default/locale
1 #LANG=en_US.UTF-8 --> 주석처리
2 LANG=ko_KR.UTF-8
***시스템 재시작 필요***
웹페이지 만들기
root@ysy:~# aq apache2 --> aq의 alias 설정 : apt list --installed | grep
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
apache2-bin/jammy-security,now 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.4 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.5]
apache2-data/jammy-security,now 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.4 all [installed,upgradable to: 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.5]
apache2-utils/jammy-security,now 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.4 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.5]
apache2/jammy-security,now 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.4 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.5]
root@ysy:~# ps -ef | grep apache2 --> 아파치 구동 확인
root 6366 1 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 6367 6366 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 6368 6366 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
root 6445 6288 0 20:30 pts/8 00:00:00 grep --color=auto apache2
root@ysy:~# pq httpd --> pq의 alias 설정 : ps -ef | grep
root 6453 6288 0 20:31 pts/8 00:00:00 grep --color=auto httpd
root@ysy:~# pq apache2 --> pq의 alias 설정 : ps -ef | grep
root 6366 1 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 6367 6366 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 6368 6366 0 20:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
root 6455 6288 0 20:32 pts/8 00:00:00 grep --color=auto apache2ㄴ 아파치(Apache2) 구동 확인
root@ysy:/var/www/html# mount -t vboxsf win /yes --> win 폴더 /yes 로 mount 해놓은 상태
--> mount -t vboxsf => VirtualBox에서 공유 폴더를 Linux에 마운트(mount)
root@ysy:~# cd /var/www/html/
root@ysy:/var/www/html# cp /yes/cat1.jpg . --> 현재 위치로 cat1.jpg 로 win(/yes)에 다운 받은 사진 복사
root@ysy:/var/www/html# mv index.html old.html --> 원본 파일 old.html 로 저장
root@ysy:/var/www/html# vi index.html --> 새로운 index 파일 작성
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<body bgcolor=green text=white> <br><br> <h1><center>
<hr> <br>
안녕하세요. ysy네 집입니다. <br><br>
<hr><br><br>
<img src='cat1.jpg'>
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